Following the fusion of the lipid shell with the plasma membrane, exosomes deliver their cargo directly into the cytoplasm of recipient cells. This circumvents the cell’s plasma membrane, a formidable barrier to drug delivery.
Cells take up exogenous exosomes through several mechanisms such as receptor-mediated endocytosis or lipid rafts. Inside the cell, they accumulate together with endogenous exosomes into early sorting endosomes to be released from the cell or distributed intracellularly for further exosome processing.
Exosomes from cow milk can be loaded with therapeutic nucleic acids and are a non-toxic drug delivery vehicle. However, the cargo delivery was inefficient and therapeutic efficacy was low. Future work will seek to increase the delivery and functionality of exosome cargo.
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#exosome #LipidMetabolism #ImmuneResponse #lipidomics
